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IIFE

IIFE (for Immediately Invoked Function Expression) is a function that gets called immediately after declaration. It is most often used to create a scoping context (a context in which all variables and function definitions are scoped).

An IIFE can be written with the calling brackets (()) inside of the wrapping brackets:

(function foo () {
  // [body]
}());

Or with the calling brackets on the outside:

(function foo () {
  // [body]
})();

The examples above are both named IIFE’s (foo) but it is also quite common to write them anonymously (without a function name).